Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)

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Abstract

The Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR, often referred to as SAS) is a widely utilized self-report instrument designed for the comprehensive assessment of an individual’s social functioning and performance across key life roles. Developed primarily by Myrna M. Weissman, the scale quantifies the degree of social impairment experienced, typically focusing on the two weeks immediately preceding administration. It is particularly valuable in clinical and research settings, especially those studying conditions like depression, where measuring the impact of illness on daily life is crucial. The SAS-SR covers multiple domains, including work, family, leisure, and intimate relationships, providing both an overall score and subscale scores for detailed analysis of specific areas of dysfunction.

Keywords

Social adjustment, Social functioning, Role performance, Self-report scale, Depression, Psychiatric assessment, Quality of life, Psychopathology

Authors

Myrna M. Weissman, Eugene S. Paykel, Gerald L. Klerman, Betty A. Prusoff

Purpose

The primary purpose of the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR) is to provide a quantitative measure of the quality of an individual’s performance in major social and instrumental roles. This allows clinicians and researchers to assess the severity of impairment in real-world functioning, distinguishing between objective difficulties (such as missing work) and subjective distress (such as feeling inadequate or ashamed in a role). Originally developed to measure changes in social adjustment in patients undergoing treatment for affective disorders, the SAS-SR is now used broadly in general medical, community, and psychiatric populations to track functional outcomes.

The scale is highly effective in measuring the impact of mental health conditions, such as depression, on daily life. By utilizing a two-week retrospective assessment period, the SAS-SR offers a snapshot of recent functional status, which is essential for evaluating treatment efficacy and understanding the trajectory of recovery in clinical trials.

Construct

The SAS-SR is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure the construct of social adjustment, defined as the effective performance of social roles within a given environment. The scale operationalizes this construct into six major areas of functioning, or subscales, which reflect the primary roles typically held by adults:

  • Work/Occupational Role: Measures performance, satisfaction, and interpersonal relations in paid employment or as a student.
  • Social and Leisure Activities: Assesses engagement, satisfaction, and comfort in spare-time activities and friendships.
  • Extended Family Role: Evaluates relationships, communication, and dependency dynamics with relatives not living at home.
  • Marital/Partner Role: Focuses on communication, affection, arguments, dependency, and sexual functioning within intimate relationships.
  • Parental Role: Measures involvement, communication, and conflicts with children living at home.
  • Home Duties/Financial Role: Assesses performance of housework (if applicable) and management of financial needs.

The scoring system typically ranges from 1 (very good functioning) to 5 (very poor functioning), with higher scores indicating greater dysfunction or impairment in social adjustment.

Validity

The SAS-SR exhibits strong Psychometric properties, supporting its validity across various populations. Early validation studies demonstrated high criterion validity, showing that scores successfully discriminated between depressed psychiatric outpatients and healthy control groups. Furthermore, the scale demonstrates convergent validity through significant correlations with other measures of psychopathology and social functioning, such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and global functioning scores.

Construct validity is supported by the scale’s sensitivity to change. Studies frequently show that SAS-SR scores improve significantly following successful treatment for depression or other psychiatric disorders, confirming its utility as an outcome measure reflecting real-world functional recovery. The development of shorter versions (e.g., the Screener and Short forms) has also undergone rigorous validation, maintaining high correlations with the full-scale score.

Reliability

The reliability of the SAS-SR, both in its full and abbreviated forms, is generally considered good to excellent. Internal consistency, often measured using Cronbach’s alpha, typically ranges between 0.80 and 0.90 for the total score, indicating high homogeneity among the scale items. Subscale internal consistency varies, but remains acceptable for distinct domain measurement.

Test-retest reliability is adequate when assessed over short time intervals (e.g., one to two weeks), suggesting stability in reported social functioning in the absence of clinical change. Furthermore, the self-report nature of the scale minimizes the need for inter-rater reliability checks, although the original interviewer-rated version demonstrated high inter-rater agreement, lending confidence to the clarity and objectivity of the underlying items.

Factor Analysis

Factor analytic studies consistently support the multidimensional structure of the SAS-SR, confirming that the scale is composed of distinct, yet interrelated, subscales corresponding to the major social roles. Principal component analysis typically extracts six primary factors, aligning precisely with the six role areas (Work, Social/Leisure, Extended Family, Marital/Partner, Parental, and Financial). This structural integrity ensures that the scale provides meaningful clinical information beyond a single global adjustment score, allowing for targeted intervention and assessment in areas where a patient is most impaired.

Instrument

Test Type: Psychometric Self-Report Questionnaire

Format: 54 items (Full version, with skip patterns based on current roles) using 5-point Likert-type scales (1=very good to 5=very poor).

Language Available: English, with translations available in numerous languages for international research (e.g., Spanish, French, German).

Population Group: Clinical psychiatric populations (e.g., patients with depression or anxiety disorders) and general community samples.

Age Group: Adolescents (adapted versions exist) and Adults (18+).

Population Details: Originally validated primarily on women with depression, subsequent research has confirmed its applicability across genders and various clinical diagnostic groups.

Test Methodology: Assesses functioning over the preceding two weeks. Scoring yields a total adjustment score and six subscale scores. The instrument is administered either by self-completion or through a structured interview.

Keywords

Social Adjustment Scale, SAS-SR, Role functioning, Outcome measures, Mental health assessment, Clinical research, Psychometric properties, Weissman

Authors

Author ORCID Identifier: N/A (Information not publicly provided for all original authors)

Affiliation Email addresses: N/A (Information not publicly provided)

Correspondence Address: Correspondence is typically handled through the commercial publisher, Multi-Health Systems, Inc. (MHS), or the primary author’s affiliated institution (e.g., Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute for Myrna M. Weissman).

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

The Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR) is commercially distributed and copyrighted by Multi-Health Systems, Inc. (MHS). Use in clinical practice or large-scale research typically requires purchasing test materials, scoring software, and obtaining formal permission or a license from the publisher. The scale was originally developed and published in the early 1970s (1971) by Myrna M. Weissman and colleagues, with the SAS-SR User’s Manual published in 1999.

Reference’s

  • Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Paykel, E.S. (1971). Clinical evaluation of hostility in depression. Am J Psychiatry 128:261–266.
  • Paykel, .ES., Weissman, M., Prusoff, B.A., et al. (1971). Dimensions of social adjustment in depressed women. J Nerv Ment Dis, 152:158–172.
  • Weissman, M.M., Paykel, E.S., Siegel, R., et al. (1971). The social role performance of depressed women: comparisons with a normal group. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 41:390–405.
  • Weissman, M.M., Bothwell, S. (1976). Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 33(9):1111–1115.
  • Weissman, M.M., Prusoff, B.A., Thompson, W.D., et al. (1978). Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis, 166:317–326.
  • Weissman, M.M., Paykel, E.S., Prusoff, B.A. (1985). Social Adjustment Scale handbook: rationale, reliability, validity, scoring, and training guide. New Haven, CT: Yale University School of Medicine (Manuscript).
  • Weissman M. MHS Staff.(1999). Social Adjustment Scale – Self-report (SAS-SR) User’s Manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
  • Weissman, M.M., Olfson, M., Gameroff, M.J., et al. (2001). A comparison of three scales for assessing social functioning in primary care. Am J Psychiatry, 158(3):460–466.
  • Gameroff, M.J., Wickramaratne, P., Weissman, M.M. (2012). Testing the Short and Screener versions of the Social Adjustment Scale –Self-report (SAS-SR). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 21(1):52-65.
  • Weissman, M.M., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Warner, V., Pilowsky, D., Verdeli, H. (2006). Offspring of depressed parents: 20 years later. Am J Psychiatry, 163(6):1001-8.
  • McDowell, Ian. (2006). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires, Third Edition. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
  • Rzepa, Sara R,. Weissman, M.M. (2014). Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6017-6021

The original PDF of a version of this instrument can be downloaded here: www.a4ebm.org/sites/default/files/Measuring Health.pdf

Items of the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)

IMPORTANT: The following scale items must be preserved in their original language and must not be changed in any way.

WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME
Please check the situation that best describes you.
I am: (1) a worker for pay‚ (2) a housewife (3) a student (4) retired (5) unemployed
Do you usually work for pay more than 15 hours per week? (1) YES‚ (2) NO
Did you work any hours for pay in the last two weeks? (1) YES‚ (2) NO
Check the answer that best describes how you have been in the last two weeks
1.    How many days did you miss from work in the last two weeks?
(1) No days missed. (2) One day. (3) I missed about half the time. (4) Missed more than half the time but did make at least one day. (5) I did not work any days. (8) On vacation all of the last two weeks.
If you have not worked any days in the last two weeks‚ go on to Question 7.
2.    Have you been able to do your work in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I did my work very well. (2) I did my work well but had some minor problems. (3) I needed help with work and did not do well about half the time. (4) I did my work poorly most of the time. (5) I did my work poorly all the time.
3.    Have you been ashamed of how you do your work in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt ashamed. (2) Once or twice I felt a little ashamed. (3) About half the time I felt ashamed. (4) I felt ashamed most of the time. (5) I felt ashamed all the time.
4.    Have you had any arguments with people at work in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had no arguments and got along very well. (2) I usually got along well but had minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments.
5.    Have you felt upset‚ worried‚ or uncomfortable while doing your work during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt upset. (2) Once or twice I felt upset. (3) Half the time I felt upset. (4) I felt upset most of the time. (5) I felt upset all of the time.
6.    Have you found your work interesting these last two weeks?
(1) My work was almost always interesting. (2) Once or twice my work was not interesting. (3) Half the time my work was uninteresting. (4) Most of the time my work was uninteresting. (5) My work was always uninteresting.
WORK AT HOME—HOUSEWIVES ANSWER QUESTIONS 7–12. OTHERWISE‚ GO ON TO QUESTION 13.
7.    How many days did you do some housework during the last 2 weeks?
(1) Every day. (2) I did the housework almost every day. (3) I did the housework about half the time. (4) I usually did not do the housework. (5) I was completely unable to do housework. (8) I was away from home all of the last two weeks.
8.    During the last two weeks‚ have you kept up with your housework? This includes cooking‚ cleaning‚ laundry‚ grocery shopping‚ and errands.
(1) I did my work very well. (2) I did my work well but had some minor problems. (3) I needed help with my work and did not do it well about half the time. (4) I did my work poorly most of the time. (5) I did my work poorly all of the time.
9.    Have you been ashamed of how you did your housework during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt ashamed. (2) Once or twice I felt a little ashamed. (3) About half the time I felt ashamed. (4) I felt ashamed most of the time. (5) I felt ashamed all the time.
10.Have you had any arguments with salespeople‚ tradesmen or neighbors in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had no arguments and got along very well. (2) I usually got along well‚ but had minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments.
11.Have you felt upset while doing your housework during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt upset. (2) Once or twice I felt upset. (3) Half the time I felt upset. (4) I felt upset most of the time. (5) I felt upset all of the time.
12.Have you found your housework interesting these last 2 weeks?
(1) My work was almost always interesting. (2) Once or twice my work was not interesting. (3) Half the time my work was uninteresting. (4) Most of the time my work was uninteresting. (5) My work was always uninteresting.
FOR STUDENTS
Answer Questions 13–18 if you go to school half time or more. Otherwise‚ go on to Question 19.
What best describes your school program? (Choose one)
(1) Full Time‚ (2) 3/4 Time‚ (3) Half Time‚
Check the answer that best describes how you have been the last 2 weeks.
13.How many days of classes did you miss in the last 2 weeks?
(1) No days missed. (2) A few days missed. (3) I missed about half the time. (4) Missed more than half time but did make at least one day. (5) I did not go to classes at all. (8) I was on vacation all of the last two weeks.
14.Have you been able to keep up with your class work in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I did my work very well. (2) I did my work well but had minor problems. (3) I needed help with my work and did not do well about half the time. (4) I did my work poorly most of the time. (5) I did my work poorly all the time.
15.During the last 2 weeks‚ have you been ashamed of how you do your school work?
(1) I never felt ashamed. (2) Once or twice I felt ashamed. (3) About half the time I felt ashamed. (4) I felt ashamed most of the time. (5) I felt ashamed all of the time.
16.Have you had any arguments with people at school in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had no arguments and got along very well. (2) I usually got along well but had minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments. (8) Not applicable; I did not attend school.
17.Have you felt upset at school during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt upset. (2) Once or twice I felt upset. (3) Half the time I felt upset. (4) I felt upset most of the time. (5) I felt upset all of the time. (8) Not applicable; I did not attend school.
18.Have you found your school work interesting these last 2 weeks?
(1) My work was almost always interesting. (2) Once or twice my work was not interesting. (3) Half the time my work was uninteresting. (4) Most of the time my work was uninteresting. (5) My work was always uninteresting.
SPARE TIME—EVERYONE ANSWER QUESTIONS 19–27.
Check the answer that best describes how you have been in the last 2 weeks.
19.How many friends have you seen or spoken to on the telephone in the last weeks?
(1) Nine or more friends. (2) Five to eight friends. (3) Two to four friends. (4) One friend. (5) No friends.
20.Have you been able to talk about your feelings and problems with at least one friend during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I can always talk about my innermost feelings. (2) I usually can talk about my feelings. (3) About half the time I felt able to talk about my feelings. (4) I usually was not able to talk about my feelings. (5) I was never able to talk about my feelings. (8) Not applicable; I have no friends.
21.How many times in the last two weeks have you gone out socially with other people? For example‚ visited friends‚ gone to movies‚ bowling‚ church‚ restaurants‚ invited friends to your home?
(1) More than 3 times. (2) Three times. (3) Twice. (4) Once. (5) None.
22.How much time have you spent on hobbies or spare time interests during the last 2 weeks? For example‚ bowling‚ sewing‚ gardening‚ sports‚ reading?
(1) I spent most of my spare time on hobbies almost every day. (2) I spent some spare time on hobbies some of the days. (3) I spent a little spare time on hobbies. (4) I usually did not spend any time on hobbies but did watch TV. (5) I did not spend any spare time on hobbies or watch TV.
23.Have you had open arguments with your friends in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had no arguments and got along very well. (2) I usually got along well but had minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments. (8) Not applicable; I have no friends.
24.If your feelings were hurt or offended by a friend during the last two weeks‚ how badly did you take it?
(1) It did not affect me or it did not happen. (2) I got over it in a few hours. (3) I got over it in a few days. (4) I got over it in a week. (5) It will take me months to recover. (8) Not applicable; I have no friends.
25.Have you felt shy or uncomfortable with people in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I always felt comfortable. (2) Sometimes I felt uncomfortable but could relax after a while. (3) About half the time I felt uncomfortable. (4) I usually felt uncomfortable. (5) I always felt uncomfortable. (8) Not applicable; I was never with people.
26.Have you felt lonely and wished for more friends during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I have not felt lonely. (2) I have felt lonely a few times. (3) About half the time I felt lonely. (4) I usually felt lonely. (5) I always felt lonely and wished for more friends.
27.Have you felt bored in your spare time during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never felt bored. (2) I usually did not feel bored. (3) About half the time I felt bored. (4) Most of the time I felt bored. (5) I was constantly bored.
Are you a Single‚ Separated‚ or Divorced Person not living with a person of opposite sex; please answer below:
(1) YES‚ Answer questions 28 & 29. (2) NO‚ go to question 30.
28.How many times have you been with a date these last 2 weeks?
(1) More than 3 times. (2) Three times. (3) Twice. (4) Once. 5 Never.
29.Have you been interested in dating during the last 2 weeks? If you have not dated‚ would you have liked to?
(1) I was always interested in dating. (2) Most of the time I was interested. (3) About half of the time I was interested. (4) Most of the time I was not interested. (5) I was completely uninterested.
FAMILY
Answer Questions 30–37 about your parents‚ brothers‚ sisters‚ in laws‚ and children not living at home. Have you been in contact with any of them in the last two weeks?
(1) YES‚ Answer questions 30–37. (2) NO‚ Go to question 36.
30.Have you had open arguments with your relatives in the last 2 weeks?
(1) We always got along very well. (2) We usually got along very well but had some minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument with at least one relative. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments.
31.Have you been able to talk about your feelings and problems with at least one of your relatives in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I can always talk about my feelings with at least one relative. (2) I usually can talk about my feelings. (3) About half the time I felt able to talk about my feelings. (4) I usually was not able to talk about my feelings.  (5) I was never able to talk about my feelings.
32.Have you avoided contacts with your relatives these last two weeks?
(1) I have contacted relatives regularly. (2) I have contacted a relative at least once. (3) I have waited for my relatives to contact me. (4) I avoided my relatives‚ but they contacted me. (5) I have no contacts with any relatives.
33.Did you depend on your relatives for help‚ advice‚ money or friendship during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never need to depend on them. (2) I usually did not need to depend on them.  (3) About half the time I needed to depend on them. (4) Most of the time I depend on them. (5) I depend completely on them.
34.Have you wanted to do the opposite of what your relatives wanted in order to make them angry during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I never wanted to oppose them. (2) Once or twice I wanted to oppose them. (3) About half the time I wanted to oppose them. (4) Most of the time I wanted to oppose them. (5) I always opposed them.
35.Have you been worried about things happening to your relatives without good reason in the last 2 weeks?
(1) I have not worried without reason. (2) Once or twice I worried. (3) About half the time I worried. (4) Most of the time I worried. (5) I have worried the entire time. (8) Not applicable; my relatives are no longer living.
EVERYONE answer Questions 36 and 37‚ even if your relatives are not living.
36.During the last two weeks‚ have you been thinking that you have let any of your relatives down or have been unfair to them at any time?
(1) I did not feel that I let them down at all. (2) I usually did not feel that I let them down. (3) About half the time I felt that I let them down. (4) Most of the time I have felt that I let them down.  (5) I always felt that I let them down.
37.During the last two weeks‚ have you been thinking that any of your relatives have let you down or have been unfair to you at any time?
(1) I never felt that they let me down. (2) I felt that they usually did not let me down. (3) About half the time I felt they let me down. (4) I usually have felt that they let me down. (5) I am very bitter that they let me down.
Are you living with your spouse or have you been living with a person of the opposite sex in a permanent relationship?
(1) YES‚ Please answer questions 38–46. (2) NO‚ Go to question 47.
38.Have you had open arguments with your partner in the last 2 weeks?
(1) We had no arguments and we got along well. (2) We usually got along well but had minor arguments. (3) We had more than one argument. (4) We had many arguments. (5) We were constantly in arguments.
39.Have you been able to talk about your feelings and problems with your partner during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I could always talk freely about my feelings. (2) I usually could talk about my feelings. (3) About half the time I felt able to talk about my feelings. (4) I usually was not able to talk about my feelings.  (5) I was never able to talk about my feelings.
40.Have you been demanding to have your own way at home during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I have not insisted on always ha‎ving my own way. (2) I usually have not insisted on ha‎ving my own way.  (3) About half the time I insisted on ha‎ving my own way. (4) I usually insisted on ha‎ving my own way. (5) I always insisted on ha‎ving my own way.
41.Have you been bossed around by your partner these last 2 weeks?
(1) Almost never. (2) Once in a while. (3) About half the time. (4) Most of the time. (5) Always.
42.How much have you felt dependent on your partner these last 2 weeks?
(1) I was independent. (2) I was usually independent. (3) I was somewhat dependent. (4) I was usually dependent. (5) I depended on my partner for everything.
43.How have you felt about your partner during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I always felt affection. (2) I usually felt affection. (3) About half the time I felt dislike and half the time affection. (4) I usually felt dislike. (5) I always felt dislike.
44.How many times have you and your partner had intercourse?
(1) More than twice a week. (2) Once or twice a week. (3) Once every two weeks. (4) Less than once every two weeks but at least once in the last month.  (5) Not at all in a month or longer.
45.Have you had any problems during intercourse‚ such as pain these last two weeks?
(1) None. (2) Once or twice. (3) About half the time. (4) Most of the time. (5) Always. (8) Not applicable; no intercourse in the last two weeks.
46.How have you felt about intercourse during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I always enjoyed it. (2) I usually enjoyed it. (3) About half the time I did and half the time I did not enjoy it. (4) I usually did not enjoy it. (5) I never enjoyed it.
CHILDREN
Have you had unmarried children‚ stepchildren‚ or foster children living at home during the last two weeks?
(1) YES‚ Answer questions 47–50. (2) NO‚ Go to question 51.
47.Have you been interested in what your children are doing school‚ play or hobbies during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I was always interested and actively involved. (2) I usually was interested and involved. (3) About half the time interested and half the time not interested. (4) I usually was disinterested. (5) I was always disinterested.
48.Have you been able to talk and listen to your children during the last 2 weeks? Include only children over the age of 2.
(1) I always was able to communicate with them. (2) I usually was able to communicate with them. (3) About half the time I could communicate. (4) I usually was not able to communicate. (5) I was completely unable to communicate. (8) Not applicable; no children over the age of 2.
49.How have you been getting along with the children during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had no arguments and got along very well. (2) I usually got along well but had minor arguments. (3) I had more than one argument. (4) I had many arguments. (5) I was constantly in arguments.
50.How have you felt toward your children these last 2 weeks?
(1) I always felt affection. (2) I mostly felt affection. (3) About half the time I felt affection. (4) Most of the time I did not feel affection. (5) I never felt affection toward them.
FAMILY UNIT
Have you ever been married‚ ever lived with a person of the opposite sex‚ or ever had children? Please check
(1) YES‚ Please answer questions 51–53. (2) NO‚ Go to question 54.
51.Have your worried about your partner or any of your children without any reason during the last 2 weeks‚ even if you are not living together now?
(1) I never worried. (2) Once or twice I worried. (3) About half the time I worried. (4) Most of the time I worried. (5) I always worried. (8) Not applicable; partner and children not living.
52.During the last 2 weeks have you been thinking that you have let down your partner or any of your children at any time?
(1) I did not feel I let them down at all. (2) I usually did not feel that I let them down. (3) About half the time I felt I let them down. (4) Most of the time I have felt that I let them down. (5) I let them down completely.
53.During the last 2 weeks‚ have you been thinking that your partner or any of your children have let you down at any time?
(1) I never felt that they let me down. (2) I felt they usually did not let me down. (3) About half the time I felt they let me down. (4) I usually felt they let me down. (5) I feel bitter that they have let me down.
FINANCIAL—EVERYONE PLEASE ANSWER QUESTION 54.
54. Have you had enough money to take care of your own and your family’s financial needs during the last 2 weeks?
(1) I had enough money for needs. (2) I usually had enough money with minor problems. (3) About half the time I did not have enough money but did not have to borrow money. (4) I usually did not have enough money and had to borrow from others.  (5) I had great financial difficulty.

Cite this article

Mohammed looti (2025). Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS). Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. Retrieved from https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/social-adjustment-scale-self-report-sas/

Mohammed looti. "Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)." Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, 14 Oct. 2025, https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/social-adjustment-scale-self-report-sas/.

Mohammed looti. "Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)." Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, 2025. https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/social-adjustment-scale-self-report-sas/.

Mohammed looti (2025) 'Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)', Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. Available at: https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/social-adjustment-scale-self-report-sas/.

[1] Mohammed looti, "Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS)," Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, October, 2025.

Mohammed looti. Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS). Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. 2025;vol(issue):pages.

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