| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Description | The AI Healthcare Preference Scale (Kerstan, Bienefeld, & Grote, 2024) assesses individuals’ preferences for healthcare provided by artificial intelligence (AI) compared to human physicians. Designed for an online study with adult participants recruited via Prolific, the scale consists of six items based on the “levels of automation” framework (Endsley & Kaber, 1999). Factor analysis and reliability metrics were reported for the instrument. |
| Author | Kerstan, Sophie; Bienefeld, Nadine; Grote, Gudela |
| Author Identifier | Kerstan, Sophie: ORCID Bienefeld, Nadine: ORCID Grote, Gudela: ORCID |
| Affiliation | ETH Zurich, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics |
| [email protected] | |
| Correspondence Address | Sophie Kerstan, ETH Zurich, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Work and Organizational Psychology, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, Zurich, Switzerland, 8092, [email protected] |
| Purpose | To measure individuals’ preferences for AI-driven healthcare compared to human physicians. |
| Construct | Artificial Intelligence Healthcare Preferences |
| Instrument Type | Rating Scale |
| Test Year | 2024 |
| Format | 5-point scale ranging from 1 = only physician to 5 = only AI. |
| Administration Method | Electronic |
| Number of Items | 6 |
| Reliability | Internal Consistency: Cronbach’s alpha = .75 |
| Validity | No validity indicated. |
| Factor Analysis | Exploratory Factor Analysis: All items loaded onto one factor. Confirmatory Factor Analysis: A combined factor analysis with four separate measures supported a five-factor model with acceptable fit (χ² = 1008.46, df = 547, p < 0.001, χ²/df = 1.84, CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.06). All items significantly contributed to their factors. |
| Test Methodology | Test Reliability; Internal Consistency; Factor Analysis; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; Exploratory Factor Analysis |
| Age Group | Adulthood (18+ years) |
| Population Group | Human; Male; Female |
| Population Details | Location: United States Respondents: Adult Participants |
| Keywords | Artificial Intelligence; Healthcare; Treatment Preferences |
| Index Terms | Artificial Intelligence; Health Care Delivery; Preference Measures; Preferences; Telemedicine; Treatment Process and Outcome Measures; Human-Computer Interaction Measures |
| Files | No file available for download. |
| Reference | Kerstan, S., Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2024). Choosing human over AI doctors? How comparative trust associations and knowledge relate to risk and benefit perceptions of AI in healthcare. Risk Analysis, 44(4), 939–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.14216 |
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2025). AI Healthcare Preference Scale. Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. Retrieved from https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/ai-healthcare-preference-scale/
Mohammed looti. "AI Healthcare Preference Scale." Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, 29 Oct. 2025, https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/ai-healthcare-preference-scale/.
Mohammed looti. "AI Healthcare Preference Scale." Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, 2025. https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/ai-healthcare-preference-scale/.
Mohammed looti (2025) 'AI Healthcare Preference Scale', Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. Available at: https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/ai-healthcare-preference-scale/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "AI Healthcare Preference Scale," Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, October, 2025.
Mohammed looti. AI Healthcare Preference Scale. Psychological Scales & Instruments Database. 2025;vol(issue):pages.