Dependency Peer Rating Scales

Category	Details
Description	The Dependency Peer Rating Scales (Zuckerman, Levitt, & Lubin, 1961) are designed to assess peer evaluations among nursing students. The scale consists of 24 items derived from four dimensions of Leary’s Interpersonal Check List (Leary, 1957), adapted into three eight-point bipolar scales. These scales assess Pride-Shame, Dominant-Submissive, and Independent-Dependent dimensions. Each nursing student rated peers they were familiar with by selecting a score from 1 to 8 on each scale. The total score for each peer was obtained by summing the ratings across all three scales. Reliability coefficients for the scales were computed using a formula by Horst (1949), with coefficients for PR-I, PR-II, PR-III, and the combined PR sum ranging from .94 to .96.
Author	Zuckerman, Marvin; Levitt, Eugene E.; Lubin, Bernard
Purpose	To evaluate peer ratings among nursing students.
Construct	Peer Ratings
Instrument Type	Rating Scale
Reliability	Internal Consistency: Reliability coefficients for PR-I, PR-II, PR-III, and the combined PR sum were .94, .96, .94, and .96, respectively.
Validity	No validity indicated.
Factor Analysis	Not indicated.
Test Methodology	Test Reliability; Internal Consistency
Test Items	24 items
Classification	7600 Social, Group, and Interpersonal Relationships
Age Group	Adults (18 years and older)
Population Group	Human
Population Details	Sophomore nursing students in the United States.
Keywords	Dependency Peer Rating Scales, Peer Evaluation, Internal Consistency, Rating Scales, Social Comparison, Test Development, Leary’s Interpersonal Check List
Index Terms	Peer Evaluation, Rating Scales, Social Comparison, Test Construction, Test Reliability
Source Reference	Zuckerman, M., Levitt, E. E., & Lubin, B. (1961). Concurrent and construct validity of direct and indirect measures of dependency. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25(4), 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040887

Dependency Peer Rating Scales

I. Pride-Shame

• 1. Expects everyone to admire her
• 2. Always giving advice, acts important, tries to be too successful
• 3. Makes a good impression, often admired, respected by others
• 4. Well thought of
• 5. Able to criticize herself
• 6. Apologetic, easily embarrassed, lacks self-confidence
• 7. Self-punishing, shy, timid
• 8. Always ashamed of herself

II. Dominant-Submissive

• 1. Dictatorial
• 2. Bossy, dominating, manages others
• 3. Forceful, good leader; likes responsibility
• 4. Able to give orders
• 5. Can be obedient
• 6. Usually gives in, easily led, modest
• 7. Passive and unaggressive, meek, obeys too willingly
• 8. Spineless

III. Independent-Dependent

• 1. Egotistical, conceited, cold, unfeeling
• 2. Boastful, proud, self-satisfied, snobbish, thinks only of herself, shrewd, calculating, selfish
• 3. Independent, self-confident, self-reliant, can be indifferent to others, business-like
• 4. Self-respecting, able to take care of herself
• 5. Grateful, appreciative
• 6. Often helped by others, admires and imitates others, very respectful, very anxious to be approved of, accepts advice readily, trusting, and eager to please
• 7. Dependent, likes to be taken care of, easily fooled, wants to be led
• 8. Clinging vine, will believe anyone